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Hofmann(23)Àº ¶ÇÇÑpmenthane¿¡ (51%¾È¿¡),thujane(23%¾È¿¡) ¹×pinane(17%) °¡Àå ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¸óXX¾îr¹ø¾ùÀ» ºÐ´ë ¶Ç´Â ±â¸§ ¶Ç´Â ¼ö»çÇÑaÀÌ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç ¾ð±ÞÇÑ´Ù. millefoliumÀα¸. ´õ ÈÇÕ¹° Àç»ê Àӽ÷Π´Ù¸®´Â ¼¾çÅéÇ®¾È¿¡ Àç ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ºÐ´ë¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Thujone¿¡´Â 4°³ÀÇ Á¾ (Å×À̺íii), Àú¸íÇϰÔ70%¶Ç´Â ±â¸§ ¶Ç´Âa¾È¿¡ ¼º°ÝÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ´Ù¸®°¡ Àִ´Ù. multifida(ÇÇÇØ ÅëÁ¦)Boiss. (24). °¢ÀÚPiperitoneÀº 2°³ÀÇ ÄÉÀ̽º¾È¿¡ 3°³ÀÇ Á¾,ascaridole, 1°³ÀÇ Á¾¾È¿¡ ¸®³¯·Î¿Ã ¹× ¸®¸ð³Ù¾È¿¡ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌrr¾îgÀ»¾Ær ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ç⾦¼ÓÀÇ ½Ä¹° ÄÉÅæ[a. ¾Æ°Ô¶óÅùl., (25); A. ligustica¸ðµÎ., (26),a. pseudoaleppicaÇãºê.-Mor.,19]°ú Ç⾦¼ÓÀÇ ½Ä¹° ¾Æ¼¼Å×ÀÌÆ®[a. filipendulinalam., (27)]¸î¸î Á¾¾È¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ºñÀ²¾È¿¡ ÀϾ±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â Àç»ê ´Ù¸®. SesquiterpenesÀç»ê ´Ù¸®´Â ¼Ó¾È¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¼ö ¶Ç´Â Á¾¾È¿¡ ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Chamazulene¿¡´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸®°¡ ¸ñÇ¥ ¶Ç´Â ¸î Çй® Àִ´Ù. chamazulenewere?-caryophyllene°ú ±×°ÍÀÇ »êȹ° (°¢ÀÚ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ºÐ´ë ¹× 3species)?-bisabolol¾È¿¡ »êȹ°,eudesmol, °Ô´Ù°¡¿Ü¿¡ °¡Àå ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎµÈ ¼¸qÀ¸XX¾îr¹ø¾ù f¾Ær³Ó¾ð¾î (2°³ÀÇ Á¾¾È¿¡). Hoffmann(23)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¼¸qÀ¸XX¾îr¹ø¾ùÀº ±×µé¿¡ ´Ùx¾Æ ¶Ç´Â ´õ ³·Àº (2n-4n) ¿°»öü ¼ö¿¡ ´ë°³´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¸óXX¾îr¹ø¾ù ¶Ç´Â ´õ ³ôÀºploidy¼öÁØ. ±×·±µ¥, ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ Âü°í´Â ÀÌ ÀϹÝȸ¦ È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Å×À̺íii. 5%(Âü°í¿¡ µû¸£¸é1-110) Å×À̺íiiÀ» ÃʰúÇÏ´ÂAchilleaÁ¾ Áõ·ùµÈ ²É ¸Ó¸® ±â¸§¾È¿¡ ÈÇÕ¹°. 5%(Âü°í¿¡ µû¸£¸é1-110)KstnerÀ»µîµî ÀÌ¹Ì ÃʰúÇÏ´ÂAchilleaÁ¾ Áõ·ùµÈ ²É ¸Ó¸® ±â¸§¾È¿¡ ÈÇÕ¹°. (28) ±×µéÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ °¢ ´Ù¸¥¿¡ ¿ÜºÎ ¿äÀÎ ¹× ºÒº¯ÀÇ °Í¿¡ µ¶¸³Àû Áõ¸íÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ (È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â Àç¿¡°ÔMittefolium±×·ì¾È¿¡ ½Äº° °øÀå ¼³ºñ Àç·á¸¦ À§ÇØ Ãß°¡ °ø±¸¸¦ ºÀ»çÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù)13ÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀ̶ó°í. ±×·±µ¥, À̰ÍÀº ¹ÛÀ¸·Î Áö±Ý±îÁö´Â ÆÛÁú ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±¸º°¾È¿¡ ÀÇ¹Ì ¶Ç´Âenantiomeric±¸¼ºÀº ±×¸®°í Ư¼º ¶Ç´Â Á¾ °Á¶µÈ´Ù. Orthµîµî À̹Ì. (29)enantiomeric¹è±Þ ¶Ç´Â ±â¸§ ºÐ´ë°¡ ¼½ÄÁöµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù °³¹ß ÈÆ·Ã ±â°£ ¶Ç´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ¾Æ´Ï ¶Ç´Â °í¸³¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â. ±×·±µ¥,enantiomericºñÀ² ¶Ç´Â Ä«À̶ömonoterpenes?ÇdzÙÀ»ash? - ÀåºÎ °Í°úAchillea¸î Á¾¿¡¼sabineneÀº ´Ù¸£´Ù (29), ±×µé ºÐ·ùÇÐÀ¸·Î À¯¿ëÇÑ °¨ÀûÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇѰÍÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ºñÀ² ¶Ç´Â ÀâÁ¾ ±äÀå ¶Ç´Âa°Ë»çÇϰí ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È. millefoliumagg.,Steinlesberger(30)Àºmorphometric°úenantiomeric¸Å°³º¯¼ö»çÀÌ »óÈ£ °ü°è¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¼¾çÅéÇ® ±â¸§¾È¿¡chemotaxonomical¿ªÇÒ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© È®°íÇÑ °á·ÐÀ» ¹× ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÇ¹Ì ¶Ç´Â ±¤ÇÐ À̼ºÃ¼ ¶Ç´Â ´õr¹ø¿ÀÀÌds ¸¸µé À§ÇÏ¿© ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â, ¼ö¸¹Àº °á°ú´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Á¤À¯ ¶Ç´Â ¼¾çÅéÇ® Á¾ Áö±Ý±îÁö´Â, ´ë´Ù¼ö ¶Ç´Â ±âÁØ ¼ºÁú ´Ù¸®¾È¿¡ Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂChamazuleneÀº Áõ·ùÇÑ ±â¸§¾È¿¡ Æò°¡ ¶Ç´Âchamazulene¸¸Á·ÇÑ Àç ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ºÐ´ë¾È¿¡ Á¢ÀüÇß´Ù. Áõ±â Áõ·ù¹ýµ¿¾È¿¡ ¿ °Á÷ Á¦Ç° ¶Ç´Âmatricine(proazulene) À̱â À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÖÀÖ´Ù. Á¶Á¤ ´ë´Ù¼ö ¶Ç´Â ¹®ÇÐ Âü°í¾È¿¡ Àç´Â, °Å±â¼ À¯Çü ¶Ç´ÂproazuleneÈÇÕ¹°À» ¾ð±ÞÇϰí±â ½ÃÇèÇÏ±â¾øÀÌ "azulene" ¶Ç´Â "chamazulene" ³»¿ë¿¡ ´Ü ³¯Â¥ ÀÌ´Ù; ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â ÈÇÐ ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ× ¶Ç´Â ÁøÂ¥guaianolides¾È¿¡ ¾î´À ÂÊÀ̵ç Á¢ÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂchamazuleneÀÌii) Ư¼º ¶Ç´ÂMillefoliumÀÏ¿ø ¶Ç´Â ±×·ì (Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ ³²¾Æ Àִ°ÍÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ¼ö¸¹Àº Çй®Àº ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´Ü ¿¹¿ÜÀÇ °æ¿ì¾È¿¡ Âü°í¸¦ Á¾ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ÀÌ ±×·ì¾È¿¡chamazuleneÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù ÅëÁ¶¸²À¸·Î ¸¸µé½Ê½Ã¿ä: a¾È¿¡. ¾Æ°Ô¶óÅùl. (31),A. wilsonianaWilld. (32)¶Ç´Âa. compacta(16). Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂazulenesÀº ±×·ìMillefolium¾È¿¡ °¢ Á¾À» À§ÇØ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¸ð¼øÀº ³»¿ë¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¹®ÇÐ ¶Ç´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Á¾¾È¿¡chamazulenes¾È¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö Àִ´Ù. °á°ú¾È¿¡ ¸í¹éÇÑ ´Ù¸§ ¶Ç´Â ¸î °í¸³ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¿·¿¡, ±¸¼º ´Ù¸§Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸é´ãÀÇ °ªÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Àç»ê »ý¹°ÇÐ À¯Àü ¹è°æ¿¡, º¸ÀδÙ. Å×À̺íIII. ´Ù¸¥ Âü°í¿¡ µû¸£¸é Á¾Millefolium±×·ì¾È¿¡ Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂazulenesÀº ¸î¸î ÀúÀÚ Á¾ ¿°»öü ¼ö ¹× ÃàÀûÀ» À§ÇØ ÀáÀç·Â ¶Ç´Âchamazulene»çÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ ¿¬°áÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. Oswiecimska(33)Àº 4¹èü ¼öÁØ¿¡ ±×³à´Â 6À» ±â¼úÇß´Â ±×·¯³ª Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂchamazulenesÀ» ȸÇÕÇÑ´Ù - (A. millefoliuml.) ±×¸®°íoctoploids(A. azuleneÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ´Ùx¾Æ ÀÖ´Âpannonica) Àç. ±×³à´Â, ±×·±µ¥, ±×³à°¡ ¼ö»çÇÑazuleneÆ÷ÇÔ ±×µéÀÇ ¿·¿¡ ½ÇÁ¸ ¶Ç´ÂazuleneÀÚÀ¯·Î¿îtetraploidsÀ», Á¦ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù (A. collina°úa. asiaticaSerg.). ±â¸§ ¶Ç´Âa¾È¿¡. asiatica,Yusubovµîµî À̹Ì. (34)°úKalinkinaµîµî À̹Ì. (22) ¶ÇÇÑ ¹ß°ßµÈchamazulene. polyploids¾È¿¡ Á¸Àç ¶Ç´ÂazulenesÀº ±Ù¿ø ¶Ç´Âallo- ¶Ç´Â Â÷ -tetraploidsÀÌazuleneÀÚÀ¯·Î¿îazulene)¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù, ÈÇÐÀÛ¿ë ¶Ç´Â ¿ø·¡ 2Áß Á¾ (Æ÷ÇÔÇϳª. À̰ÍÀº ÀÏ ¶Ç´ÂRauchensteiner¿¡ÀÇÇØ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡µîµî ÀÌ¹Ì Áö¿øµÇ¾ú´Ù. (5)WHOÀºaÀ» ±â¼úÇß´Ù. pratensis°úa. styriacaÀç 4¹èü Á¾ ¶Ç´Âchamazulene. tetraploidsÀÇ ¿·¿¡,Bugge(35)Àº °ÍÀ» ¸î¸îdiploids(A. ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù asplenifolia°úa. roseoroseo-alba) ¶ÇÇÑ »óºÎ ¶Ç´ÂchamazuleneÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀÏÁö¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ ÈÄ¹Ý Á¾ÀÇ Çй®Àº ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù ÄÑÁ®Àִ´٠(28). ÇüÅÂÇÐ»ó Æ¯»ö¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿øÃµÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ±³Àâ ¶Ç´ÂaµîÀ»¸Â´í ÃßÀûµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀº °ÍÀ»Ehrendorfer(3)Àº °¡Á¤Çß´Ù. setaceaw.µîµîk. ±×¸®°ía. ÈĹÝÀÌproazuleneÁ¾ÇÕÀ» À§ÇØ °¡´É¼ºÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°íÀÖ´Âasplenifolia. ±×·ìMillefolium¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ´Ù¸¥ Àα¸¿¡ ¼ö»çµ¿¾È¿¡,Hofmann°ú Èĸ®Ã÷(36)Àºploidy¼öÁØ»çÀÌ »óÈ£ °ü°è¸¦ ¹× Á¸Àç ¶Ç´Âazulenes½ÃÇèÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´Ü ¼ºÀå¼ö ¿°»öü¿¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â Ãß¼¼ ¶Ç´Âchamazulene³»¿ëÀ» ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù. ¸®Åõ¾Æ´Ï¾Æ ÀúÀÚ´Â ¾î¶²¿¡°ÔaÀ» º¸°íÇß´Ù. millefoliuml. ssp. chamazuleneÀç ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÇÕ¼º°ú ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ °á¿©µÇ³ªchamazulene±×·¯³ª Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸óXX¾îr¹ø¾ùÀ» ÀÖ¾îmillefoliumÀα¸´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ºÐ´ë (? ÇdzÙ, º¸¸£³×¿Ã,cineole, Àå³ú, ³Êr¿ÃÀÌd¿Ã) (37)À»ash. ÈÇÐÀÛ¿ë¿¡iii) Âü°í¸¦ ¶Ç´Â ¼¾çÅéÇ® ºñ±³Çؼ, ¸î ´Ù¸¥ ³¯Â¥´Â ºÒÄèÇϳª °Í Á¾, ¼ö ¶Ç´Â ¿°»öü ¹× Á¸Àç ¶Ç´Âazulenes(Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö Àִ´Ù. Á¤ÀÇ¿Í ÈÇÐÁ¦Ç° Ư¼º ¶Ç´Â ¾î´À ´Ùx¾ÆÀÌ ¼ö½Ã·Î ¸ð¼øµÈ ±î ¿Ö ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀÌÁ¾°£ ±³ÀâÀº °Í ¶Ç´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ÀÌÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. Orthµîµî À̹Ì. (38)5°³ÀÇ ¸í·áÇÑ ´Ùx¾ÆÀ̶ó°í ¼ö»çÇÏ´Â ¶Ç´Â 3°³ÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ ÀçaÀÌÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀº. 1°³ÀÇchamazuleneÀÚÀ¯·Î¿îtriploid¹×chamazuleneºÎÀ¯ÇÑ 2ÁßÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ÀâÁ¾ ÀÌ´Â À§ÇÏ¿© Á¾°áµÇ¾ú´Â ±×·¯³ª,collinaº£Ä¿¿Í Æ÷ÇÔchamazulene. Also, Dabrowska (8) reported a tetraploid chamazulene containing taxon which might also be of hybrid origin, according to morphological traits. Earlier, Ttnyi (39) noted in his chemotaxonomical review that seven of the mentioned 13 Achillea species were both azulene-free and azulene-containing according to different references. As result of recent investigations Radusiene and Gudaityte (40) supposed that the rapid identification ofproazulene-containing plants might be solved according to their productivity. In numerous analytical reports the exact definition of the taxon seems to be missing. Presumably, the description of the taxa was carried out according to insufficient botanical-systematical examinations, as presumed also by Kastner et al. (28). These investigations have given rise to confusing results: the chamazulene content of A. millefolium oil varying between 0% and 85% (41-48). We can generally conclude that in the group Millefolium the accumulation of azulenes seems to be restricted to A. asplenifolia (2n), A. roseo-alba (2n) and A. collina (4n), while azulenes are absent in A. setacea W.et K. (2n), A. millefolium (6n) and A. pannonica (8n). Results which do not agree with these findings might be traced back to the false definition of the species focusing on morphological traits in the extremely variable group Millefolium without chromosome counting; or on the contrary, focusing on chromosome numbers and mistaken polyploids of azulene-free and azulene containing diploid taxa. Chemotaxonomic Aspects of Essential Oil Variability Today the existence of intraspecific chemical variability concerning essential oil composition seems to be a well known phenomenon which must be taken into consideration both theoretically and practically. In principle both qualitative (components present or absent) and quantitative (components in considerably different proportions) chemical races might be present within a species (39). The species of the genus Achillea may serve as examples for both. At the same time the increased sensitivity of analytical methods drastically decreases the limit of detection and as a result, several taxa have become only quantitatively distinguishable, in contrast to previous examinations where qualitative differences had been described. From the cited references it can be concluded the number of the identified main components ranges from one to three compounds in the majority of species. In most cases these different chemical races had been detected separately and mentioned by different authors which makes the comparison and evaluation of data more complicated. Of course, the number of the reported main components in the oil may to some extent also depend on the frequency of investigations of the target species. In the oil of the most often investigated taxon called "A. millefolium," 10 different main components could be found according to the different references (Table IL). Evaluation of distinct chemotypes within the same study is rarely found, but the first results were reported 40 years ago: populations of A. asplenifolia Vent. devoid of or possessing a low or high content of chamazulene had been described by Tyihk et al. (49).
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